3. Piezoelectric thin films: material selection
3.1 Symmetry and physical properties
Crystal structure and symmetry class play a key role in defining the physical properties of crystalline materials.
According to Neumann's principle: "the symmetry of any physical property of a crystal must include the symmetry elements of the crystal's point group". In other words, the properties of the material cannot be less symmetrical than its structure, since the properties are defined by the atomic structure, as indicated by Curie's principle: "the symmetry of causes must be found in the effects."
The anisotropy of the physical properties of single crystals is defined by point groups. In crystallography, the elementary mesh parameters and their axes...
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Piezoelectric thin films: material selection
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