Conclusion
Passive Optical Networks

Fiber optics have largely replaced copper networks. Point-to-point copper networks are giving way to point-to-multipoint fiber technology. In terms of energy efficiency, GPON and XG(S)-PON networks reduce energy consumption by centralizing equipment at the central office. Growing bandwidth demands have driven the adoption of optical transmission systems in both the residential and business sectors. Today, fiber-optic coverage in France stands at approximately 94%. The number of households eligible for fiber-optic service is 41 million, and the number of households currently connected is 25 million. 70% of eligible households have already opted for fiber-optic service. Globally, the number of FTTH fiber connections stands at around 1.2 billion. The rise of mobile systems has also driven the evolution of optical transmission technologies toward very high-capacity components. Ultra-high-speed...