Test vectors, fault models and coverage rates
Test of integrated digital circuits - Basic notions and evolutions

Figure 1 schematizes the application principle of testing a circuit, or a block within a circuit; values are applied to the inputs, and the results obtained on the outputs are compared with predetermined values. This corresponds respectively to an input vector V_a (stimuli) and an output vector V_s (reference). A test vector is composed of these two vectors: V = (V_a.V_s). The V_a vectors are determined to enable the various faults we are trying to detect to be highlighted (with a minimum number of vectors). The output vectors may possibly include indeterminate values, if the logical value of certain outputs is of no importance at certain...