Conclusion
Nature-based solutions for societies and biodiversity

Although SfN seems to be making headway and reaching a wide audience (researchers, academics, politicians, the general public), the concept remains recent and it is sometimes difficult to determine whether or not an action can be considered to be in line with this approach. It is essential to continue improving our knowledge of how ecosystems function, in order to encourage and gain recognition for the effectiveness, relevance and importance of these solutions in responding to the major challenges facing our societies, in a context of profound environmental change. In particular, the knowledge base on agricultural, forest and mountain ecosystems is far less extensive than that of urban, wetland, marine and coastal ecosystems. Knowledge production efforts must also extend to measures of SfN effectiveness on spatio-temporal scales other than those of demonstration interventions.