Water reuse: a key strategy for addressing water challenges
Reuse and valorisation of Wastewater - Challenges, Issues, and Prospects

Water, essential to life on Earth, has a total volume of approximately 1.4 billion km ³ . However, only 2.8% of this volume is freshwater, and only 37,000 km ³ is available globally. This amounts to nearly 5,000 m ³ per person per year, but with a highly uneven distribution across continents, countries, and even regions.

Freshwater withdrawals account for 10.5% of the average annual replenishment of freshwater resources. This rate varies considerably from one continent to another depending on population density and the abundance of the resource: Asia (41.3%), North America (8.8%), Africa (6.6%), Europe (4.2%), Australia and Oceania (2.9%), South America (1.7%)