Consider a spherical ion i of radius ri immersed in an infinite volume of liquid. This ion, which has a surface charge Qi gives rise to a symmetrical charge distribution in the liquid. By linearizing the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, Debye and Hückel calculated the potential distributionΦ at any point outside the ion, located at a distance x [3][4]:Φ (x ) = Φ (ri ) exp (– κx )
with
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