How are oscillations generated for vibration welding?
Linear friction or vibration welding

In this welding process, vibration is generated by reciprocating transverse movement (along the X axis) between part A (moving) and part B (stationary).

Part B remains attached to the machine frame, while part A is attached to the moving part.

The moving part of the machine is located above part A. It is housed in a massive, heavy frame (weighing close to a ton) to confine vibrations to part A as far as possible.