European Union law
corporate environmental civil liability

French companies can therefore incur civil liability for ecological damage. However, they can also engage their environmental liability, another system of compensation for ecological damage, not to be confused with environmental civil liability. Environmental liability is a system of administrative police, i.e., environmental liability is part of the relationship between a company and an administrative authority, and leads to measures prescribed by the administration and not by a judge (unlike environmental civil liability, where a judge intervenes). The particularity of environmental liability is that it borrows the mechanisms of civil liability, hence the term "liability". As a result, the conditions for implementing civil liability are required, namely ecological damage, a causal event and a causal link between the damage and the event. These elements are proven by the administrative authority....