Nanoprinting and nanomolding

Miniaturization is playing an increasingly important role in the industry of microelectronics and is also used in telecommunications, micro biota and chemistry. This article commences by offering a few definitions and a classification of methods. The method of process analysis (geometrical correlation, rheological aspect, choice of the polymer and finishing of the profile) is provided. The manufacture of molds is then reviewed: pattern writing and engraving, surface treatment and mold duplication. Performance assessments are analyzed through resolution, homogeneity, critical dimension control, precision of positioning, etc.