3. Public sector aid to companies
The public sector grants a number of types of aid to companies. More specifically, a distinction is made between direct aid for research, development and innovation (RDI) projects and indirect aid that is not directly linked to a project.
3.1 Direct aid
The direct financial resources granted by public authorities to corporate R&D&I projects come from dedicated funds such as the FUI or the FEDER. These funds are used either by a department of a ministry or local authority, or by an organization to which the State or local authority usually delegates the management of these funds or allocates a budget from these funds. These organizations include OSEO, ANR and ADEME.
If we look at the panorama of public aids, as presented in figure...
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Public sector aid to companies
Private-sector financing of innovation
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