From Cell to System
Stationary applications Batteries

Since the voltage per cell is limited to a few volts and the voltages required by systems can reach several hundred volts, it is essential to connect cells in series to increase the voltage. To increase the system’s capacity, the manufacturer connects cells in parallel. These assemblies are often called modules.

Electrical and thermal management components, as well as monitoring and safety features—including connectors and sensors for voltage, current, and temperature—are added to these modules.

In mobile applications, several modules generally make up a pack. In stationary storage applications, cells are assembled into modules. Several modules form racks. The racks are housed in containers, and multiple...