Conversion of electrical energy

The latest publications in this offer are:

• September 16, 2026

  E1305 Reviewed

  ECM basis of systems

  Unlike the EMC of components or electronic equipment, systems EMC presents specific features. Up to the final stage of qualification, it is important to master the definition of system and to work in successive phases. These stages are punctuated by specifications, analysis of correlations between EMC contributors, modeling and tests. In this article, we present specific aspects of EMC that we meet on a system, and the incremental approach in demonstration logic. Examples from the domain of space launchers are used to illustrate the different points raised.

• September 10, 2026

  IN100

  Low-cost impedance spectrometer for characterizing electrochemical devices

  Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can reveal the internal physical processes of a system. For this reason, it has become a powerful diagnostic and characterization technique for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including hydrogen systems WANG (H.), GAILLARD (A.), HISSEL (D.), batteries SHA (J.), LI (X.), QIU (G.), and photovoltaic (PV) systems WANG (X.), ZHENG (Z.), AILLERIE (M.), PERA (M.-C.), HISSEL (D.). By applying small electrical disturbances and analyzing the voltage-current response over a predefined frequency range, one can obtain the system’s EIS, which provides relevant information about these internal dynamic processes.

• July 10, 2026

  D3337

  Stationary applications Batteries

  In a rapidly evolving energy landscape, battery storage plays a key role in absorbing the electrical energy generated by renewable sources. Among the available technologies, lithium‑ion batteries hold a predominant position due to their performance and their high flexibility in terms of sizing. They are now widely deployed among others in stationary applications.This article presents so-called stationary batteries within the context of ongoing transformations in the energy system. Following a technical introduction from the cell to the complete system, several examples of industrial applications are described. Finally, various cross‑cutting topics related to stationary batteries, including the issue of second‑life use, are discussed.

• July 10, 2026

  D2102

  Permanent magnets - Applications and perspectives

  Due to the expected growth of their market, permanent magnet materials have very favorable future prospects for their development. This is linked to the increasing use of connected devices and electric vehicles, as well as the growing importance of renewable energies in energy production.Ferrite magnets, which account for the largest share of the permanent magnet market revenue, are mainly used in commercial or industrial motors. Nd-Fe-B magnets are seeing their application expand due to their growing use in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and wind turbines. Alnico, Sm-Co and Sm-Fe-N magnets are used for specific applications.

• June 22, 2026

  D60 Reviewed

  Linear power networks - Definitions, principles, methods

  The aim of the first part of this article is to define the various elements that make up an electrical network, and the models that represent them. Each model involves the current i(t) flowing through the element under consideration and the voltage v(t) (or potential difference) across its terminals, both functions of an independent variable: time t. Even though each model must remain independent of the actual size of the physical component, it must be borne in mind that the quantities v(t) and i(t) are always assumed to be below their limit values, depending in particular on the component manufacturing method, the material used and the intended field of application.

• June 19, 2026

  D3572 Reviewed

  Construction of rotating machines - Alternating current machines

  In this dossier, we look at the main industrial AC electrical machines: Vertical-axis hydraulic alternators, hydrogen-powered turboalternators and special-purpose machines not widely used today are not covered here (see "Hydraulic alternators and compensators" , "Turboalternators" ). This dossier is part of a series on "Rotating machine construction":

• June 19, 2026

  D3563 Reviewed

  Asynchronous machines with flux vector control

  The concept of flux vector control, which emerged in the mid-1980s, revolutionized the field of variable speed drives, which were in constant need of performance enhancement. This paved the way for researchers and engineers in various disciplines (automation, electrical engineering, power electronics, industrial computing, microelectronics, instrumentation, etc.) to develop several variants of control algorithms emerging from the concept of flux vector control of asynchronous machines. The natural independence between flux creation and torque generation is clearly the fundamental intrinsic property of a separately excited DC machine. The aim of vector control of an asynchronous cage machine is to reproduce the quadrature between the current and flux vectors.

• June 19, 2026

  D3530 Reviewed

  Turboalternators

  Turboalternators are alternators driven at high rotating speed by a vapor turbine or a gas turbine. The unit power of turbogenerators and the structure of the networks and power stations have considerably evolved since the beginnings of electrification. This article firstly presents the main parts of a turboalternator (stator, rotor, bearings and auxiliary bearings) before focusing on its functioning and in particular on its types of cooling. The vapor turbine remains the most common driving system for high powers and the combustion turbine has undergone a significant progression over the last few years due to its easy implementation and low investment costs.

• June 19, 2026

  D3440 Reviewed

  Methods for calculating leakage inductances

  Knowledge of leakage inductances is essential for predetermining the electromechanical characteristics of electrical machines. These leakage inductances are used in equivalent diagrams, and are indispensable in the study of the association between the machine and the power source. The latter is not simply the mains, with its practically infinite power and constant frequency; it is often a variable-frequency source, driven by control laws imposed by the structure of the machine and the nature of the load. These few considerations demonstrate the importance of properly predetermining leakage in electrical machines. Before moving on to the actual calculation, we need to define the notion of leakage flux.

• June 19, 2026

  D2620 Reviewed

  Materials for electrical resistors

  This article focuses on electrical resistors that dissipate high power through the Joule effect. Operating at high temperatures (over 400°C), they are made of refractory materials. They are a key component in Joule-effect heating systems (electric furnaces, hot-forming devices, etc.). Electric motor starting and braking rheostats also use the same refractory materials. For other resistors, please refer to the articles Resistors. Potentiometers , Semiconductor ceramics and Varistors, in the Electronics section, and, for ceramic varistors, to the Specific components for protection against interference sections in this section.

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