Issues
Energy Savings and Energy Performance. Concepts, Challenges and Methods

Energy independence is defined as the ratio between a country's domestic primary energy production and its actual primary energy consumption.

For France, this energy independence is officially 55% (Energy balance for France 2021).

Official statistics define "primary" electricity as electricity drawn directly from nature or contained in nature's energy products: hydro, wind, photovoltaic, high-temperature geothermal. Nuclear power is considered "primary" by convention, unlike electricity generated by thermal power plants.

If we consider that electricity from uranium conversion comes from a predominantly imported resource, France's rate of energy independence is less than 10%.