Industrial drying: principles and calculation of equipment

The set "Industrial drying: principles and apparatus calculation" consists of four articles, with common notations:

• [J 2 451] Convective hot-air drying (part 1): definitions and principles;

• [J 2 452] Convective hot-air drying (part 2), which covers industrial applications and energy-saving principles;

• [J 2 453] and [J 2 454] Other drying methods than hot air.

The aim of the present article [J 2 452] is to describe common industrial drying situations, where the properties of the air external to the product vary greatly between the entry of the product P ₁ into the dryer and its exit P ₂ , a situation which is therefore clearly different from the thin-film drying and constant external air conditions presented in [J 2 451] . Furthermore, the variants of industrial implementation have consequences for drying speed, drying time and the quality of the finished product. Thus, the "thin-film" kinetics and constant external air conditions described in