2. Methods for producing oxygen-carrying materials
The various steps involved in preparing oxygen carrier particles influence the characteristics of the resulting material, and in particular its ability to withstand the mechanical and chemical stresses imposed during the process.
The method for synthesizing oxygen carrier particles is generally a three-step process:
1) Metal/support assembly ;
2) Control of material morphology ;
3) Rigidity and hardening of the resulting particles.
The success of the preparation method relies on the homogeneous distribution of the metal oxide in the carrier material, and on the strength of interaction between these two phases to obtain an oxygen carrier that is both reactive and resistant to consecutive redox cycles.
The differences between the various synthesis...
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Methods for producing oxygen-carrying materials
Numerous oxygen-carrying materials tested
Bibliography
Websites
The Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) provides online access to a global economic database on minerals and metals.
http://www.mineralinfo.fr/page/be3m
FactSage is a program for generating phase diagrams through direct access to databases. Readers may wish to refer to the publication by Bale et al...
Standards and norms
Standard Test Method for Single Pellet Crush Strength of Formed Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers ASTM D4179, 2011.
Standard test method for determination of attrition of FFC catalysts by air jets ASTM D5757, 2011.
Patents
Process for Production of Hydrogen US 1078686 A
Process of producing hydrogen US 971206 A
Chemical loop combustion process using pyrolusite as an oxidation-reduction mass EP 2551587 A2
Statistical and economic data
Mineral commodity summaries. U.S. Geological Survey, ISBN 978–1–4113–4011–4 (2016).
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