1. Knowing and understanding Lean

1.1 The origins of Lean

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1.1.1 Original context

Lean stems from the Toyota Production System (TPS) developed by Toyota from the 1950s until the end of the 1980s, when it benefited from contributions from other companies around the world, thereby bypassing its creators.

It was the very restrictive post-war context in Japan that led two Toyota engineers, Taïchi Ohno and Eiji Toyoda, supported by an American theorist, Edwards Deming, to develop this new system.