2. The actors of consumerism

At the end of the 19th century, the first buyers' and users' groups appeared in certain large French cities.

In 1927, the Confédération Générale de la Consommation (General Consumer Confederation) was set up, but its creation was undoubtedly premature and had no follow-up.

In 1951, the public authorities and trade unions set up the Union fédérale de la consommation (Federal Consumers' Union) within the Bureau de la consommation (Consumer Affairs Bureau) of the French Ministry of the Economy, which later became the Union fédérale des consommateurs (UFC).