2. From automation to integrated automation

In this way, we are concerned with the implementation of reactivity in the context of real-time control. In order to fully delineate the expected benefits of reactivity in today's industrial systems, it is necessary to consider reactivity as a set of functions that no longer simply constitute a succession of closed hierarchical levels (subordination), but rather a cooperation between client-server type functions. OPC (Ordonnancement, Pilotage, Coordination) projects are a case in point. This cooperation endeavors to use the available resources committed at each decision-making level to solve local problems without jeopardizing the overall objective.

To correctly determine these decisions, the executive must be informed of the execution follow-up (links to level 1), but must also take into account the objectives set at the higher level (CIM level 3). MES (Manufacturing...