4. Conclusion

What conclusions can we draw from this article? The first observation is that, once digital technologies have settled into the company's internal and external environment, the key to the efficiency of any work organization lies less in the solutions adopted than in management's ability to drive the necessary changes. This means reinvesting the managerial function – often neglected in favour of new technologies in recent years – to ensure that its ins and outs, as summarized in this article, are uniformly shared by all managers. Taking up antonymically Michel Kalika's aforementioned phrase from the year 2000, "le management est mort, vive le e-management" (management is dead, long live e-management), perhaps in 2015 we should say "l'e-management est mort, vive le management" (e-management is dead, long live management). This pun is intended to express the fundamental truth that digital remains...