1. The need for a new method

We will begin by explaining why the company, understood as a system, can be described as complex. The complexity of industrial systems can be the source of accidents with multiple causes and varied consequences that go beyond the company's boundaries. This will be explained later.

To prevent such accidents from happening, decision-makers implement risk management policies based on a priori risk analysis methods, which we will review in the third section. We will show that the architecture of these methods, based on a Cartesian model, is ill-suited to the analysis of today's complex phenomena and systems.

In the fourth part, we explain how a systemic vision can enable a global approach to systems, and move towards the decompartmentalization of players needed to implement a priori risk analysis.