2. From internal innovation to open innovation

Schematically, we can distinguish three forms of outward openness for an organization as part of its innovation process (figure 2 ):

• a first form, known as internal innovation, which consists of an organization defining and carrying through its innovation projects with its own resources. When the organization mobilizes external resources for its projects, it does so on a commercial basis. For example, monitoring activities, or outsourcing work for a project, are part of internal innovation;