1. Legal framework

Below, in order of legal hierarchy and chronology, are the main legal texts concerning eco-design standards for packaging:

• Directive 2008/98 of November 19, 2008 on waste in general, which prioritizes the different waste management methods and sets out the general guidelines for the circular economy;

• Directive 94/62 of December 20, 1994 on packaging and packaging waste, which defines European policy on the management of packaging waste, in particular the role of eco-design standards, and sets out the rules of the circular economy for packaging;

• Environment Code, articles R543-42 to R543-52 on environmental regulatory requirements for packaging design and manufacture, and on ecodesign standards (transposition of directive 94/62);

• Commission...