1. Origins and challenges of predictive maintenance

Predictive maintenance aims to optimize the performance of industrial equipment by anticipating failures using advanced techniques such as remaining useful life (RUL) estimation. First introduced in the 1980s, it enjoyed a major boom in the 1990s with technological advances, notably the rise of IoT sensors, data analysis and artificial intelligence. Its main objectives are to reduce unplanned downtime, extend machine life and cut operating costs. As well as improving profitability, it contributes to more sustainable resource management and a reduction in the carbon footprint of equipment.