7. Conclusion

Advances in understanding the process have led to the development of calendering lines that produce high-quality sheets and films at very high speeds and in large widths (5 m compared to 2 to 3 m 10 years ago).

Modeling the calendering process contributed to this understanding. For example, in Figure 49 , we defined the conditions for obtaining a sheet free of matting and streaking defects at two different temperatures, based on the calendering parameters.