1. Polymer foams
The physical properties of cellular materials are determined by the properties of each phase, their respective proportions, and the size, shape, number, and distribution of the bubbles.
1.1 Characteristic properties of foams
The first parameter is the cell type: open or closed. In foams composed of open cells or bubbles, these cells are interconnected, so gas can circulate freely within the structure (Figure 1 -a). In contrast, in foams composed of closed cells or bubbles, the gas is confined within each bubble (Figure 1 -b). Several physical properties are highly dependent on this structure. For...
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Polymer foams
Foam injection molding processes
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