1. Preparation
1.1 Polyimide synthesis
Linear polyimides are synthesized by polycondensation of a dianhydride and a diamine in a two-step process, illustrated in figure 1 (preparation of the polyimide PMDA-ODA, analogous to DuPont's Kapton). The high reactivity of amines towards anhydrides enables an amic polyacid to be obtained in the first step by opening the anhydride ring. Heating in the presence of a catalyst enables cyclization with elimination of water, and the polyimide is obtained. In addition to cyclization, heating to around 300°C removes the polycondensation water and solvent.
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Preparation
Polyimide properties
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Economic data
Because of their high price (around thirty times that of polyamides), the market for condensation polyimides is still limited to high-performance applications, and tonnages consumed remain low, even though this market is growing steadily.
The largest market for polyimides is in the United States, with the fastest-growing sectors being film and fibers.
In Europe, the key sectors...
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