2. Viscoelastic modeling

The major classes of mechanical models described above are based on laws of elastic behavior of the components. Their application to linear viscoelasticity therefore inevitably raises the question of their validity. Many authors admit a formal similarity between elastic behavior laws and those valid for linear viscoelastic materials subjected to sinusoidal loading as a function of time, based on the time-temperature equivalence principle developed by Hashin [118] , which can be summarized as follows: "The effective complex elastic moduli of a linear viscoelastic composite are obtained using the same formulas as for calculating the effective elastic moduli of a composite with the same phase geometry, by replacing the elastic moduli of each phase by the corresponding complex moduli.