2. Flame retardant (FR) typology and modes of action

2.1 Flame retardant typology

In-mold protection is the most widely used and least expensive technique. Substances commonly known as flame retardants (FR) are added to the polymer, mainly by mixing operations that can take place at various stages in the processing of polymer materials. They are designed to improve all or at least some of the material's fire reaction properties (resistance to ignition, self-extinguishing capacity, calorific flow and energy released during combustion, flame propagation speeds, smoke opacity), enabling the material to pass fire reaction tests...