1. Architecture considered

This study analyzes the architecture of a typical active antenna. These antennas offer greater possibilities than conventional antennas, since the radiating elements that make them up form modulable beams. In fact, each radiating element has its own amplitude and phase, and the superposition creates a specific signal.

The overall antenna architecture is shown in figure 1 . Both the receiving (Rx) and transmitting (Tx) antennas are shown, but since the principle is the same for each, and the only difference between the two chains lies in the failure rate of the equipment and the number of radiating elements, most representations and results will be limited to the Rx antenna only.