1. Contexts and definitions of fraud in organizations

1.1 Regulatory definitions and applicable standards

Organizational fraud is generally seen as an unlawful act by an economic agent aimed at personal enrichment to the detriment of an organization. Several definitions of fraud take up this criterion of unlawful act with undue enrichment (Penal Code, Insurance Code, etc.).

From a regulatory point of view, fraud is poorly defined in the regulations governing the various business sectors. Most practitioners therefore refer to the definition given by the French Penal Code, which is relatively extensive and is supplemented here by various definitions.

A first, common-sense definition of fraud sees it as a dishonest act carried out with the intention of deceiving.

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