5. Detection and safety barriers
5.1 Detection
Process drifts that could lead to accidents must be contained by means of devices that initially inform operators in the surveillance room (visual and/or audible alarm). Secondly, the operators intervene, or a safety action is triggered to stop the drift. Alarms and safety are major elements of process instrumentation, established during process reviews, also known as "yellow reviews" in the case of new projects, but above all during HAZOP-type safety studies. The result is an instrumental safety matrix defining safety thresholds and actions for each element. It will be kept by the instrumentation department and updated for future installation modifications.
Both the causes and consequences of deviations must be detectable.
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Detection and safety barriers
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The method was first published in 1974 by LAWLEY*, then successively described in three application guides, the first in 1976 by KNOWLTON* and SHIPLEY of ICI, the second in 1977 by the Chemical Industries Association (CIA)* and the third in 1981, again by KNOWLTON*, but on behalf of Chemetics International Ltd. These guides were followed twenty years later, in 2001, by the international standard IEC 61882 entitled: "Hazard...
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