7. Prevention and protection
In order to limit the risk of contact with nanomaterials, preventive measures, such as substitution and protection methods, should be implemented. In the absence of clearly established exposure limit values, the ALARA principle (as low as reasonably achievable) should be applied.
7.1 Development of intrinsically safer systems
The operation of production lines and the behavior of nanomaterials in them can be known either through experimentation or modeling. Models can be used to identify the risks of manufacturing and use processes, and inherently safer systems can be developed. Feedback from accidents must also be taken into account. For example, some companies are working on the development of totally enclosed production lines for nanomaterials.
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Prevention and protection
Regulatory framework
Economic data
The market is booming (figure 1 ). Among the nanomaterials currently in industrial production are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, carbon black and carbon nanotubes.... The tonnage of...
Bibliography
References
Standardization
- Gants de protection contre les produits chimiques et les microorganismes. Partie 2 : détermination de la résistance à la pénétration - NF EN 374-2 - 04-04
- Atmosphère des lieux de travail. Définition des fractions de taille pour le mesurage des particules en suspension dans l'air - NF EN 481 - 11-93
- Sorbonnes. Partie 1 : vocabulaire - NF EN 14175-1 - 10-03
- Sorbonnes. Partie 2 : exigences de sécurité...
Regulations
Council Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances, OJ 196 of August 16, 1967.
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 of March 23, 1993 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances, OJ L 84 of April 5, 1993.
Council...
Organizations
French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/developpement-durable/
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
French National...
Research programs
EXPAU (Occupational exposure to ultrafine aerosols), INRS http://www.inrs.fr/htm/projet_exposition_professionnelle_aerosols.html
NanoDerm http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~nanoderm/
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Databases
(non-exhaustive list)
Nanowerk http://www.nanowerk.com/
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies http://www.nanotechproject.org/
Manufacturers, users
(non-exhaustive list)
Degussa http://www.degussa.com/
NanoGram http://www.nanogram.com/
Inco http://www.inco.com/
...
Resellers of nanometrology equipment
(non-exhaustive list)
TSI Inc. http://www.tsi.com/
Grimm Aerosol Technik http://www.grimm-aerosol.com/
Dekati Ltd. http://dekati.com/cms/
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