1. Safety and robotics

Industrial robotics, essentially dedicated to manufacturing processes, has recently used its robot arm technology for applications outside the factory. This "service robotics", and more particularly its cutting-edge component, medical robotics [11][61] , has greatly modified the issue of robotic system safety.

Whereas safety problems with industrial robots were mainly due to the failure of protection systems (barriers, fences, etc.), and the human operator only entered the workspace for maintenance or programming operations, service robotics requires taking into account the physical proximity and close collaboration between the human and the robot [33] . The urgent...