2. Biosensor architecture

The biosensor architectures presented in this article are not limited to environmental biosensors, with the exception of microbial biosensors, which are currently undergoing little or no development in the fields of medical diagnostics and agri-food.

The measurement chain implemented in a biosensor is directly linked to the type of bioelement used. The choice of bioelement determines the type of biological signal generated and, consequently, the transduction methods used to collect and analyze these signals.

In addition, depending on the biological recognition methods used, biosensors can be used to extend the scope of environmental matrix characterization, particularly in terms of induced effects. Figure 2 shows...