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This article analyzes strategies for the detection and remediation of chlordecone, a pesticide once widely used in the French Antilles. It covers its history, examines its physicochemical properties, and assesses its health effects. Various decontamination techniques, such as microbial biodegradation, phytoremediation, and compost sequestration, are explored. The extraction and quantification of chlordecone in environmental and biological matrices, along with associated analytical methods, are presented. Finally, the article highlights the need for advances in extraction and detection to optimize decontamination treatments.
Halophytes are plants that can thrive in salt-rich environments. This distinguishes them from salt-sensitive glycophytes, which account for the vast majority of wild and food plants. Halophyte flora is characterized by its great diversity, whether botanical, morphological, physiological or biochemical. This diversity is widely exploited by different peoples around the world, but there is still a lack of scientific evidence to justify the possible uses of halophytes. This article provides an overview of the particularities of halophytic plants, and of recent work that is advancing our knowledge of these plants and illustrating their interest in various fields.
Solid/gas biocatalysis is a technology that utilizes enzymes or cells on gaseous substrates. This technology presents two major advantages; it allows for avoiding effects induced by the solvent and the precise control of every thermodynamic parameters which impact the kinetics of reactions and the catalyst stability. Solid/gas biocatalysis thus allows for studying the impact of each species present within the biocatalyst on its activity, specificity or stability. Furthermore, solid/gas biocatalysis is a low atom and energy consumption process, environmentally friendly and with extremely high yields in comparison to the size of the installation.
Bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides secreted by bacteria, play a key role in microbial ecology and have significant industrial potential. Advances in genomics and synthetic biology have made it possible to overcome some technical obstacles to their production. The PARAGEN collection brings together a range of standardized genes of bacteriocins, paving the way of the development of formulations that could precisely target for instance pathogens. This article highlights the transformational potential of PARAGEN at the age of synthetic biology and anticipates the future impact of bacteriocins in multiple industries.
The gut microbiota has a significant impact on host health. Nowodays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. But the safety profile with the use of live bacteria is a matter of debate. Main risks include, particulary in vulnerable patients and in pediatric populations: cases of systematic infections due to translocation, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and interference with the gut colonization in neonates. To avoid these risks there is an increasing interest in non viable microorganisms: postbiotics. This article presents these inanimate bacteria.
Metabolomics, consisting in the simultaneous analysis of small molecules present in a biological system, has been established in human nutrition, as a method of phenotype characterisation, allowing getting an integrated view of metabolism, a key element in the study of the complex nutrition and health relationships. This article presents all the dedicated methodologies of this approach, whose instrumental characteristics, operating protocols and data treatment methods that have been largely developed in the recent years.
For very diverse customers, microgravity experiments found various applications in basic or applied research or even in production process.However, the process to get an experience ready to fly is ofen unknow, viewed as complex, slow and costly. This paper article is an overview of many facilities including the ISS where experiments in microgravity (automated capsules, CubeSats, or drop towers) or simulated microgravity, can be conducted. Because working in microgravity raises various challenges, its article present how to meet the space environment requirements.
The médical industry is one of the main beneficiaries of NewSpace or commercial space sector evolution. Experimentation in microgravity may solve scientific challenges in medical or life sciences fields such as diagnosis, pharmacy, drug research, biotechnology and medicine in general. This paper article is an overview of the benefits provided by microgravity to better understand genes and metabolism, to increase growth of certain cell lines, and to facilitate the growth of high-quality microstructures or crystals.
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