2. Surface-effect coatings

Surface-effect coatings are commonly referred to as "fouling release" (FRC) paints. Generally speaking, the aim of these paints is to limit the adhesion of marine organisms to submerged surfaces, so that hydrodynamic stress, such as the friction of water on the hull of a boat, is sufficient to clean them. The inhospitable properties are mainly due to the surface properties of the paints. These properties derive mainly from the polymer (binder) used in the formulation. The polymers most commonly used for fouling release coatings are silicones and fluoropolymers. Initially, FRCs were developed at the same time as biocide-release coatings. However, the effectiveness of the latter slowed down development and research into FRCs. Their lifespan depends essentially on hydrodynamic stress, and can be as long as five years.