6. Outlook: Integrated CCUS

The mobilization of the scientific community has enabled the development, optimization, and maturation of each link in the CCUS chain. However, this momentum has remained fragmented, with each link being developed and optimized independently by specific communities, with a view to eventual integration. Unfortunately, the costs and environmental footprint of CCUS strategies stem largely from this compartmentalization: a chemically and geographically decoupled transformation of captured carbon involves desorption, compression, and transport, which account for over 90% of operational costs. In late 2017, the Mission Innovation initiative, led by the signatory countries of the Paris Agreement, highlighted the need to shift toward an integrated approach, i.e., by designing CCUS chains with strong synergies between operations