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The Additive Manufacturing by molten Material Extrusion (AM-ME) of natural biopolymers opens up major prospects in pharmaceutical or biomedical field, for the custom production of edible and resorbable parts. This paper shows the interest and challenges to be met for the use of plant-based biopolymers using this 3D printing process. Based on the study of zein, a storage protein by-product of corn starch production, this paper details its suitability for AM-ME specifications by investigating its thermomechanical and rheological properties, as well as determining its adhesion abilities in the molten state.
The article presents the different key-steps in the life cycle of biobased and/or biodegradable polyesters. It describes the elaboration processes of each of these polyesters, going back to the raw materials used, especially when these are of plant-based. These production processes can be biotechnological approaches as well as fairly conventional chemical methodologies. For each of these polyesters, the main functional properties and current or future applications are detailed and criticized with regard to the issues of today. Their strengths but also the drawbacks limiting their development are explained.
Bio-based plastics and recycled plastics are more and more often used in packaging in France and elsewhere. These materials are complementary to the virgin plastics of fossil origin. They bring new functionalities and added-value to plastic and flexible packaging. Studies all predict a growth of these plastics in the years to come, but the growth rate is still uncertain.This article describes the current situation, the determining factors of this growth and the principal initiatives taken in response to the challenge of developing bio-based and recycled plastics in packaging.
There is currently an increasing need for fast and cost-effective analytical methods suitable for water pollutants monitoring and toxicological impact assessment. In this context, some techniques based on the specific properties of whole cells, enzymes, antibodies, DNA, biopolymers or materials of natural origin, appear as excellent alternatives or complementary techniques to classical chemical methods. This article will be more particularly focused on biosensors and biosorbents (principles, advantages and limitations, application to water quality assessment, new trends).
Biomass valorization is at the heart of the questions concerning energetic resources in the twenty-first century. Regarding humid biomass, gasification in supercritical water is an interesting valorization process as it allows for the production of a valuable energetic gas due to its non-fossil origin. Gasification in supercritical water concerns more specifically very humid biomass. The influence of the principal operating conditions on the nature and conversion yield of this process are detailed and the most important laboratory pilots are presented.
This article proposes to tackle the carbon capture, utilization and storage challenge through an integrated approach, to reach net zero emission objectives and mitigate global warming. In this perspective, a series of CCUS technologies currently operational at the industrial scale are analyzed from techno economic point of view, in order to identify key synergies or issues within the value chain. Eventually, this article explores the current frontiers of knowledge regarding the molecular chemistry of amine absorbents used in post-combustion capture, which paradoxically remains the most mature and deployed capture technology to date.
Microalgae-based biofacades are an original example of urban integration of an interesting plant biomass bioproduction. This article details the challenges of this integration, both for the host-building and for the microalgae culture. General design principles are presented, along with various implementation examples. The main performance and social acceptability criteria are then summarized. The article concludes with perspectives for innovation, demonstrating the value of creating thermal and chemical symbioses to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings and microalgae production.
In these times of research for alternative energies to fossil resources, integrating biogases into the French energy landscape appear to be of interest from an economic and political viewpoint. Indeed, recycling household, agricultural and industrial organic waste as well as waste-water treatment fall within sustainable development and renewable energies. However, the optimal integration of this resource within the existing energy networks raises certain technical challenges such as gas dehumidification and lowering hydrogen sulphide content. Furthermore, the presence of VOC volatile organic compounds and siloxanes constitute a risk of premature degradation for facilities which directly impacts the sector's economic balance.
Plastics pose significant environmental challenges, slowing down the transition towards a circular economy. This article explore the different routes of valorization of plastics and highlights the barriers limiting the performances of the recycled materials. The potential of plastics in many applications evidences their innovating character. However, the dissemination of microplastics has become a major concern which can be partially solved by the development of plastics showing lower environmental footprints, ecodesign and artificial intelligence for more efficacy of waste sorting.
Human energy needs - food, heating, transport, comfort - have increased from ~3 MWh/year/person in prehistoric times to 54 MWh in France, 97 MWh in the United States, 28 MWh in China, and 22 MWh in Africa (UN, 2020). By 2050, with 10 billion people and facing of the economic and climate-related decline of fossil resources and their health impacts, energy demand requires sustainable solutions. This article highlights thermal storage as a key driver of the energy transition, exploring the potential of LiOH, which outperforms Solar Salt used in current thermal storage systems of concentrated solar power plants, and which appear also suitable for industrial waste heat recovery.
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