5. Green processes

Research in materials chemistry and process engineering is making complementary progress in reducing the environmental impact of polyurethane (PU) production. On the one hand, the development of bio-based materials is a major step forward. On the other hand, significant efforts are being made to optimize manufacturing processes, by limiting the use of organic solvents (for example, by favoring aqueous dispersions or bulk polymerization) and reducing energy requirements through techniques such as irradiation or the use of specific catalysts. An integrated approach, combining innovation in chemical synthesis and process improvement, is essential to achieve sustainable production.