4. Wall exchange sub-model

Heat transfer is particularly important for the thermal equilibrium of the combustion chamber. Gases can reach temperatures of the order of 2,800 K, and the resulting flows can reach, for example, values of several tens of megawatts per square meter for gasoline engines under full load at mid-range. In the thermodynamic balance of the combustion chamber cycle, heat transfer plays a key role, accounting for some 30 to 40% of the energy involved. Heat transfers can take place in three ways: by conduction, convection and radiation (although conduction is not covered in gas-wall transfers).