6. Other pipe design methods

6.1 Review of the various methods

Piping calculations have taken a quantum leap since the development of computers and the application of matrix calculation. Until recently, theoretical calculations were limited to problems where the number of unknowns did not exceed twelve, and where the behavior of piping elements was simplified as much as possible.

Before the use of computers, experimental methods were being developed and, in some cases, led to very positive results. Experimental methods were difficult to adapt to industrial practice; nevertheless, numerous and often complex scale model studies were carried out, contributing to the significant progress made in piping knowledge [13][14]