3. Characteristic equations. Put into equation

3.1 Characteristic equations for elementary organs

Hydraulic systems, or important parts of them, can often be considered as constructions made up of a number of elementary components. It is therefore important to be able to write down directly the characteristic equation of the elementary components, i.e. the relationship they impose between the pressure difference applied to them and the flow through them (table 1 ).

The method for determining the characteristic equation is generally as follows:

• writing the flow equation(s) ;

• writing the force equation(s) ;

• elimination of variable(s) internal...