1. When does numerical simulation using finite elements come into play?

Over the last twenty years, the role of mechanical structure modeling and the finite element method has undergone profound change. What used to be called resistance to materials (RTM) has gradually evolved into finite element analysis (FEA). At the same time, geometric modeling underwent considerable development [CAD (computer aided design)]. More recently, numerical simulation of mechanical design of components and systems has integrated modeling of service conditions and component manufacturing processes [CAE ( computer aided engineering )]. Today, these developments are leading to technical data management systems and, by integrating feedback, to virtual processing of the manufacturing production life cycle: PLM (product life management).

This evolution in business vocabulary conceals numerous transformations in digital tools, but above all very significant changes...