2. Thermomechanical modeling

Thermomechanical approaches to chip formation have emerged more recently than previous approaches, as their complexity requires the use of computer calculations. They take into account more of the physical phenomena involved in cutting than earlier approaches, such as heating and high deformation speeds. Based on experimental observations, they still fall within the scope of simplified models, as they involve few unknowns, unlike a method using finite element or finite difference discretization, for example 3