Sintering parameters in the presence of a liquid phase

Sintering: physico-chemical aspects - Part 2: Liquid phase sintering

Figure 1 - Ti-C phase diagram [1]

Figure 2 - SrTiO3-TiO2 phase diagram [2]

Figure 4 - Triple seals within a BaTiO3 ceramic sintered at 925°C in the presence of 2% LiF by mass.

Figure 7 - Representation of a liquid meniscus formed at the contact between two grains

Figure 9 - Schematic representation of the chemical transfers taking place after the rearrangement step in a liquid bridge between two grains.

Figure 14 - Definition of the dihedral angle at the contact between the liquid and a grain boundary

Figure 15 - Influence of the solid/liquid contact angle (dihedral angle) on liquid localization in ceramics

Figure 16 - Multiple seal in a varistor based on sintered zinc oxide in the presence of bismuth, cobalt, chromium and nickel oxides

Figure 18 - Evolution, with disorientation angle , of the ratio between the energy of a bending joint (110) and the solid/gas interfacial energy of NiO at 1,520°C [14]

Figure 19 - Example of complete dissolution of the liquid phase in the grains during isothermal sintering; case of a SnO2 ceramic sintered at 1,150°C in the presence of 1% CuO