1. Power Ultrasound

Ultrasound applications can be divided into two groups:

• for the first group, the transmitted power is low: these are mainly non-destructive testing applications, where the transmitted waves must not damage the support, part or living being; the power ranges from a few milliwatts to a few watts;

• for the second group, transmitted power is an important factor: surgery, cleaning, welding, machining; power ranges from a few watts to a few kilowatts.

The effect of ultrasonic waves can be very strong. Consider the law of elongation of the vibration at the end of the sonotrode; the displacement is given by :