4. Conclusion

The field of NPs in general, and magnetic NPs in particular, is still evolving, both in terms of fundamental interest in finite-size effects and potential applications. At the same time, new experimental strategies have been developed in recent years to organize these individual NPs into one-, two- and three-dimensional assemblies.

In addition to the scientific challenge, the main motivations are the emergence of new properties due to cooperative effects, linked to the particular physico-chemistry of these objects, and to the shape effect (specific surface).

Exploration of the potential applications of these systems is still in its infancy, and will in future also have to take into account an assessment of their potential hazards for humans and the environment. To date, more than a thousand everyday products contain nanomaterials. However,...