2. Nanomaterial characterization methods

The characterization of manufactured nanomaterials presents multiple challenges: on the one hand, it involves characterization at different scales, namely the macroscopic scale, at which the nanomaterial is used in real life, but also at the microscopic or nanometric scale. Characterization methods must therefore also cover a very broad spectrum, ranging from tests related to use and mechanical behavior, such as tensile tests, fracture tests, hardness tests, contact angle tests, etc., to tests that include electron microscopy, particularly scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Current research focuses on correlating behavior at these different scales.