5. Challenges and prospects

The challenges facing 4th generation nuclear reactors are manifold. On a global scale, they should contribute to the long-term satisfaction of mankind's energy needs, thanks to their capacity to last for centuries and their ability to produce not only electricity, but also transport fuels (hydrogen or synthetic hydrocarbons), and even heat for industry.

Through their use of fast neutrons and high temperatures, these 4th generation nuclear reactors represent a break with 2nd and 3rd generation water reactors, and present real technological challenges for fuels, primary circuit materials, spent fuel treatment processes, and non-conventional applications such as hydrogen production. Molten-salt reactors, also considered by the Generation IV Forum, are currently attracting less international interest. The fact that recycling is essential for the efficient use of uranium...