4. Production and management players

4.1 Producers

Small-scale producers (over 1,000 listed in France) are mainly research laboratories, industrial companies that use radionuclides or work with radioactive materials, nuclear medicine hospitals that use radionuclides, and holders of sealed sources. Waste from small producers is collected by Andra. Large-scale producers include CEA research centers and civilian and military industrial facilities, French electricity production centers (EDF) and Areva NC (formerly Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaires-Cogema) facilities, as well as subcontractors of these organizations who process or recycle certain wastes and transport them. Waste comes from INB production workshops and the nuclear zones of facilities (FMAVC, MAVL, HAVL), where materials may be contaminated or activated,...